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<p>This care plan is designed to guide you if you've been diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes. It aims to help you manage your health, reduce complications, and live well.</p>
<p>Type 1 diabetes is a condition where your body cannot make a hormone called insulin. This causes the level of glucose (sugar) in your blood to get too high.</p>
<p>This plan is here to guide you, but every individual is different. Work with your healthcare team to tailor it to your needs.</p>
<p>All information in this plan is sourced from <a href="https://www.nhs.uk " target="_blank">the NHS website for England</a>.</p>
<h2>Understanding Type 1 Diabetes</h2>
<p>Type 1 diabetes means your body can't make insulin, a hormone that helps turn glucose (sugar) into energy. Without insulin, blood sugar levels get too high.</p>
<h1>Understanding Type 1 Diabetes</h1>
<p>Type 1 diabetes means your body can't make insulin, a hormone that helps turn glucose (sugar) into energy. Without insulin, blood sugar levels get too high.</p>
<p>If you have type 1 diabetes, you'll need daily insulin to manage your blood sugar. Regular glucose checks, watching your diet, and adjusting insulin can help you stay healthy.</p>
<p>Type 1 diabetes often starts in children or young adults but can happen at any age. It's an autoimmune condition with no current cure or way to prevent it.</p>
<p>(Type 1 diabetes is different from <a href="Type 2 diabetes " target="_blank">type 2 diabetes</a>, which is more common in older people and people who are overweight).</p>
<h3>What you need to know about Type 1 diabetes</h3>
<ul>
<li>It's a lifelong condition where your immune system attacks the insulin-producing cells in your pancreas.</li>
<li>Your body can't produce insulin, so you must manage blood sugar with insulin therapy.</li>
<li>Early diagnosis and effective management can prevent complications.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Recognising symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes</h2>
<h3>What to watch out for</h3>
<ul>
<li>Feeling very thirsty.</li>
<li>Needing to pee more often, especially at night.</li>
<li>Feeling very tired or lacking energy.</li>
<li>Unexplained weight loss or loss of muscle bulk.</li>
<li>Blurred vision.</li>
<li>Itching around your genitals or frequent episodes of thrush.</li>
<li>breath that smells sweet or fruity (like nail polish remover or pear drop sweets)</li>
<li>cuts and wounds taking longer to heal</li>
</ul>
<p>You can monitor and track these symptoms in this care plan and any other symptoms you may be experiencing in your PKB record <a href="/test/mySymptoms.action" target="_blank">here</a>.</p>
<h2>What to do</h2>
<ul>
<li>If you notice symptoms, contact your GP as soon as possible.</li>
<li>In emergencies (e.g., confusion or unconsciousness from low blood sugar), call for immediate medical help.</li>
<li>Untreated symptoms can lead to a serious condition called diabetic ketoacidosis.</li>
</ul>
<p>Symptoms can develop quickly, so act fast. Learn more about diabetic ketoacidosis here.</p>
<h2>Call 999 or go to A&E immediately if you:</h2>
<ul>
<li>Have been peeing more, feeling very thirsty and tired, and:
<ul>
<li>Your symptoms are getting worse quickly</li>
<li>Have stomach pain, diarrhoea, or are feeling/being sick</li>
<li>Feel sleepy or confused</li>
<li>Are you breathing faster or deeper than usual</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>These may be signs of diabetic ketoacidosis, a life-threatening condition that needs urgent treatment.</p>
<h1>Managing Type 1 Diabetes</h1>
<p>Managing Type 1 diabetes takes daily care, but you can live well with the right tools and support. Below are some of the things you can do to manage your diabetes.</p>
<h3>Insulin Therapy</h3>
<ul>
<li>Your doctor will provide the insulin you need:
<ul>
<li><b>Basal insulin</b>: Covers your background needs.</li>
<li><b>Bolus insulin</b>: Used for meals and corrections.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Learn how to take insulin (injections or pumps) and adjust doses based on food, activity, or stress.</li>
</ul>
<div class="row" style="margin-top: 15px;">
<div class="col-sm-12">
<label for="cp_insulinTherapy">What insulin therapy are you on?</label>
<textarea class="form-control" name="cp_insulinTherapy" id="cp_insulinTherapy" rows="3" style="width: 100%;"></textarea>
</div>
</div>
<p>You can add any medications you are on in the medicines section of your record here. You can then share them whenever you need. </p>
<h3>Blood Sugar Monitoring</h3>
<ul>
<li>Check your blood sugar regularly using a glucometer or continuous glucose monitor (CGM).</li>
<li>Track your readings to notice patterns. You can see the results of this care plan and view and share them at any time.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Ketone Monitoring</h3>
<ul>
<li>If your blood sugar is over 13.9 mmol/L or you're unwell, test for ketones.</li>
<li>High ketones can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), which needs immediate medical attention.</li>
</ul>
<div class="row" style="margin-top: 15px;">
<div class="col-sm-12">
<label for="cp_highKetones">What to do if my ketones are high?</label>
<textarea class="form-control" name="cp_highKetones" id="cp_highKetones" rows="3" style="width: 100%;"></textarea>
</div>
</div>
<h3>Healthy Living</h3>
<ul>
<li>Enjoy balanced meals, focusing on carbs, protein, and healthy fats.</li>
<li>Stay active, but adjust insulin and snacks to match your activity level.</li>
</ul>
<p>For more details on managing Type 1 diabetes, <a href="Treatment for type 1 diabetes " target="_blank">click here</a>.</p>
<h2>Your Goals</h2>
<p>What are your goals for managing diabetes? These could include:</p>
<ol>
<li>Maintain blood sugar levels within the target range.</li>
<li>Achieve a healthy weight.</li>
<li>Prevent complications.</li>
<li>Improve overall quality of life.</li>
</ol>
<h3>Your Goals</h3>
<p>What are your goals for managing your Type 1 diabetes?</p>
<div class="row" style="margin-top: 15px;">
<div class="col-sm-12">
<label for="cp_goal_1">1.</label>
<input type="text" name="cp_goal_1" id="cp_goal_1" class="form-control" style="width: 100%;"/>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row" style="margin-top: 15px;">
<div class="col-sm-12">
<label for="cp_goal_2">2.</label>
<input type="text" name="cp_goal_2" id="cp_goal_2" class="form-control" style="width: 100%;"/>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row" style="margin-top: 15px;">
<div class="col-sm-12">
<label for="cp_goal_3">3.</label>
<input type="text" name="cp_goal_3" id="cp_goal_3" class="form-control" style="width: 100%;"/>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row" style="margin-top: 15px;">
<div class="col-sm-12">
<label for="cp_goal_4">4.</label>
<input type="text" name="cp_goal_4" id="cp_goal_4" class="form-control" style="width: 100%;"/>
</div>
</div>
<p>Visit your healthcare team for regular check-ins to review your progress and update your care plan.</p>
<div class="row" style="margin-top: 15px;">
<div class="col-sm-12">
<label for="cp_planOfCare">What is your diabetes Type 1 plan of care </label>
<textarea class="form-control" name="cp_planOfCare" id="cp_planOfCare" rows="3" style="width: 100%;"></textarea>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row" style="margin-top: 15px;">
<div class="col-sm-12">
<label for="cp_apptQuestions">Questions for your next appointment </label>
<textarea class="form-control" name="cp_apptQuestions" id="cp_apptQuestions" rows="3" style="width: 100%;"></textarea>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row" style="margin-top: 15px;">
<div class="col-sm-12">
<label for="cp_importantToMe">What is important to me? </label>
<textarea class="form-control" name="cp_importantToMe" id="cp_importantToMe" rows="3" style="width: 100%;"></textarea>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row" style="margin-top: 15px;">
<div class="col-sm-12">
<label for="cp_manageType1">Who is supporting me in managing my type 1 diabetes?</label>
<textarea class="form-control" name="cp_manageType1" id="cp_manageType1" rows="3" style="width: 100%;"></textarea>
</div>
</div>
<h1>Living with type 1 diabetes</h1>
<p>This care plan provides a space for you to keep all your diabetes management information in one place, making it easier to stay in control and work closely with your care team.</p>
<p>Blood Sugar Monitoring</p>
<ul>
<li>Use your care plan to log blood sugar readings, frequency, and target ranges provided by your healthcare team.</li>
<li>Spot trends and share updates with your care team during appointments.</li>
</ul>
<p>HbA1c Levels</p>
<ul>
<li>Record your HbA1c test results in your care plan to track long-term blood sugar control. Aim to keep levels below 48 mmol/mol (6.5%).</li>
</ul>
<p>Eye Screening</p>
<ul>
<li>Set reminders for annual diabetic eye screenings to detect any signs of retinopathy early.</li>
</ul>
<p>Foot Care</p>
<ul>
<li>Use your care plan to note daily checks for cuts, sores, or infections.</li>
<li>Schedule and record annual foot checks by your healthcare team to ensure proactive care.</li>
</ul>
<p>To watch a video on how to take your blood sugars or how to inject insulin, <a href="Living with type 1 diabetes " target="_blank">click here</a>.</p>
<h1>Tips for Managing Type 1 Diabetes</h1>
<p>Here are steps you can take to help manage your blood glucose levels and stay healthy:</p>
<h3>Do:</h3>
<div class="row" style="margin-top: 15px;">
<div class="col-sm-12">
<div class="form-check">
<input class="form-check-input form-control" type="checkbox" name="cp_do_1" id="cp_do_1" value="Be Prepared: Always carry quick-acting glucose (e.g., sugary drinks, sweets, or glucose tablets) to treat low blood sugar (hypos)."/>
<label for="cp_do_1"> Be Prepared: Always carry quick-acting glucose (e.g., sugary drinks, sweets, or glucose tablets) to treat low blood sugar (hypos).</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check">
<input class="form-check-input form-control" type="checkbox" name="cp_do_2" id="cp_do_2" value="Educate Others: Make sure family and friends know how to recognise and respond to a hypo."/>
<label for="cp_do_2"> Educate Others: Make sure family and friends know how to recognise and respond to a hypo.</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check">
<input class="form-check-input form-control" type="checkbox" name="cp_do_3" id="cp_do_3" value="Wear Medical ID: Carry a bracelet or card that identifies you as having type 1 diabetes."/>
<label for="cp_do_3"> Wear Medical ID: Carry a bracelet or card that identifies you as having type 1 diabetes.</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check">
<input class="form-check-input form-control" type="checkbox" name="cp_do_4" id="cp_do_4" value="Monitor Regularly: Check your blood glucose more often during hot weather, periods, or other changes in your routine."/>
<label for="cp_do_4"> Monitor Regularly: Check your blood glucose more often during hot weather, periods, or other changes in your routine.</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check">
<input class="form-check-input form-control" type="checkbox" name="cp_do_5" id="cp_do_5" value="Stay Active Safely: Test your blood glucose before, during, and after exercise. You might need to eat more carbs or reduce insulin to prevent hypos."/>
<label for="cp_do_5"> Stay Active Safely: Test your blood glucose before, during, and after exercise. You might need to eat more carbs or reduce insulin to prevent hypos.</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check">
<input class="form-check-input form-control" type="checkbox" name="cp_do_6" id="cp_do_6" value="Consider a CGM: Ask your care team about using a continuous glucose monitor if you don't already have one."/>
<label for="cp_do_6"> Consider a CGM: Ask your care team about using a continuous glucose monitor if you don't already have one.</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check">
<input class="form-check-input form-control" type="checkbox" name="cp_do_7" id="cp_do_7" value="Follow Sick Day Rules: Use your care plan's sick day guidance for adjusting insulin doses when you're unwell."/>
<label for="cp_do_7"> Follow Sick Day Rules: Use your care plan's sick day guidance for adjusting insulin doses when you're unwell.</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check">
<input class="form-check-input form-control" type="checkbox" name="cp_do_8" id="cp_do_8" value="Inform Healthcare Providers: Let hospital staff know you have type 1 diabetes and use insulin if you're undergoing surgery or other procedures."/>
<label for="cp_do_8"> Inform Healthcare Providers: Let hospital staff know you have type 1 diabetes and use insulin if you're undergoing surgery or other procedures.</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check">
<input class="form-check-input form-control" type="checkbox" name="cp_do_9" id="cp_do_9" value="Prepare for Travel: Carry a GP letter about your diabetes and follow advice for traveling with insulin."/>
<label for="cp_do_9"> Prepare for Travel: Carry a GP letter about your diabetes and follow advice for traveling with insulin.</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check">
<input class="form-check-input form-control" type="checkbox" name="cp_do_10" id="cp_do_10" value="Seek Support: Contact your diabetes team if you have questions or concerns."/>
<label for="cp_do_10"> Seek Support: Contact your diabetes team if you have questions or concerns.</label>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row" style="margin-top: 15px;">
<div class="col-sm-12">
<label for="cp_TextBox">Text box</label>
<textarea class="form-control" name="cp_TextBox" id="cp_TextBox" rows="3" style="width: 100%;"></textarea>
</div>
</div>
<h3>Don't:</h3>
<ul>
<li>Avoid Excess Alcohol: Stick to no more than <a href="Alcohol units " target="_blank">14 units of alcohol per week</a>, spread over at least 3 days.</li>
<li>Never Drink on an Empty Stomach: This can increase the risk of hypos.</li>
</ul>
<div class="row" style="margin-top: 15px;">
<div class="col-sm-12">
<label for="cp_TextBox_2">Text box</label>
<textarea class="form-control" name="cp_TextBox_2" id="cp_TextBox_2" rows="3" style="width: 100%;"></textarea>
</div>
</div>
<h2>Advice and Support </h2>
<p>Managing type 1 diabetes can feel overwhelming at times, especially when trying to meet blood glucose targets. It's normal to feel burnt out occasionally but remember, you're not alone, and support is available.</p>
<h3>Tips to Make Things Easier:</h3>
<ul>
<li><b>Plan Ahead</b>: Prepare for activities like school, work, travel, eating out, or exercising by checking your blood glucose and having what you need (e.g., insulin, snacks, or a glucose monitor).</li>
<li><b>Take Care of Your Well-being</b>: If you feel burnt out, talk to your diabetes team, friends, or a support group. Sharing your feelings can help.</li>
<li><b>Stay Positive</b>: With the proper treatment and support, you can eat your favourite foods, keep doing the things you love, and manage work or school without interruption.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Complications of high or low blood glucose</h2>
<p>If your blood glucose gets too high or too low, this can also cause problems that worsen quickly. These can be emergencies, so it's important to recognise the symptoms and know what to do.</p>
<p>If your blood glucose gets too high (hyperglycemia) or too low (hypoglycemia), it can lead to serious problems quickly. These situations can become emergencies, so it's important to:<br/>Find out more about recognising the symptoms and know what to do.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="Low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia) " target="_blank">hypoglycaemia (hypos)</a> - when your blood glucose is too low</li>
<li><a href="High blood sugar (hyperglycaemia) " target="_blank">hyperglycaemia (hypers)</a> - when your blood glucose is too high</li>
<li><a href="Diabetic ketoacidosis " target="_blank">diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)</a> - a serious condition caused by lack of insulin and very high blood glucose</li>
</ul>
<h2>Where to find help and support </h2>
<p>For support with managing type 1 diabetes, you can rely on your diabetes team for medical guidance, connect with local or online support groups to share experiences and advice with others living with the condition, and access helplines and information from national diabetes charities such as Diabetes UK. These avenues can provide emotional support, practical tips, and up-to-date information to help you navigate life with type 1 diabetes.</p>
<h3>Get help from NHS talking therapies</h3>
<p>Living with type 1 diabetes can impact your mental health, and it's important to talk about how you're feeling. You can access free talking therapies through the NHS, which offer support to help you manage your emotions and find coping strategies. These services are available in person, via video, by phone, or even as an online course, making getting the support you need easier.</p>
<p><a href="Find NHS talking therapies for anxiety and depression " target="_blank">Find an NHS talking therapies service</a></p>
<h3>Support from charities</h3>
<h4>Diabetes UK</h4>
<p>Information and support for anyone with diabetes, including support groups, online communities, and courses and tools for managing diabetes.</p>
<ul>
<li>Website: <a href="Breakthrough T1D UK | Type 1 Diabetes Research " target="_blank">http://www.breakthrought1d.org.uk </a></li>
<li>Helpline: 0345 123 2399</li>
<li>Email: <a href="mailto:helpline@diabetes.org.uk">helpline@diabetes.org.uk</a></li>
<li><a href="Local support groups " target="_blank">Diabetes UK: local support groups</a></li>
<li><a href="Diabetes UK Forum " target="_blank">Diabetes UK: forum</a></li>
</ul>
<h4>Breakthrough T1D</h4>
<p>Information and support for people with type 1 diabetes.</p>
<ul>
<li>Website: <a href="Breakthrough T1D UK | Type 1 Diabetes Research " target="_blank">http://www.breakthrought1d.org.uk </a></li>
<li>Phone: 020 7713 2030</li>
<li><a href="https://breakthrought1d.org.uk/knowledge-support/guide-to-new-diagnosis/guide-for-newly-diagnosed-adults/ " target="_blank">Breakthrough T1D: guide for newly diagnosed adults</a></li>
<li><a href="https://breakthrought1d.org.uk/knowledge-support/guide-for-parents/ " target="_blank">Breakthrough T1D: guide for parents and carers</a></li>
</ul>
<h4>DigiBete</h4>
<p>Videos and app for children and young people with type 1 diabetes.</p>
<ul>
<li>Website: <a href="https://www.digibete.org/ " target="_blank">http://www.digibete.org </a></li>
<li><a href="http://NHS.UK " target="_blank">NHS.UK</a>: <a href="Low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia) " target="_blank">Low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia)</a> - including steps to treat a hypo</li>
<li><a href="Low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia) " target="_blank">hypoglycaemia (hypos)</a> - when your blood glucose is too low</li>
<li><a href="High blood sugar (hyperglycaemia) " target="_blank">hyperglycaemia (hypers)</a> - when your blood glucose is too high</li>
<li><a href="Diabetic ketoacidosis " target="_blank">diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)</a> - a serious condition caused by lack of insulin and very high blood glucose</li>
<li><a href="https://www.diabetes.org.uk/guide-to-diabetes/complications/hypos " target="_blank">Diabetes UK: hypos</a></li>
</ul>
<h4>Diabetes Courses</h4>
<p>Diabetes courses are highly recommended for everyone with type 1 diabetes. These courses help you build the confidence and skills to manage your condition effectively. You should be offered a free group course within one year of your diagnosis, and there are also online courses available that you can complete at your own pace.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://dafne.nhs.uk/ " target="_blank">DAFNE</a> (Dose Adjustment for Normal Eating) - face-to-face or remote group courses</li>
<li><a href="https://bertiediabetes.com/ " target="_blank">BERTIE Diabetes</a> - online courses</li>
<li><a href="https://elearning.mytype1diabetes.nhs.uk/ " target="_blank">My Type 1 Diabetes</a> - online courses</li>
</ul>
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